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Venus Protocol Isolated Pools - petrichor's results

Earn, Borrow & Lend on the #1 Decentralized Money Market on the BNB Chain

General Information

Platform: Code4rena

Start Date: 08/05/2023

Pot Size: $90,500 USDC

Total HM: 17

Participants: 102

Period: 7 days

Judge: 0xean

Total Solo HM: 4

Id: 236

League: ETH

Venus Protocol

Findings Distribution

Researcher Performance

Rank: 93/102

Findings: 1

Award: $44.94

Gas:
grade-b

šŸŒŸ Selected for report: 0

šŸš€ Solo Findings: 0

External Links

Code4rena Contest PageGithub Contest RepositoryGithub Findings RepositoryVenus Protocol

Findings Information

šŸŒŸ Selected for report: JCN

Also found by: 0xAce, 0xSmartContract, Aymen0909, K42, Rageur, Raihan, ReyAdmirado, SAAJ, SM3_SS, Sathish9098, Team_Rocket, Udsen, c3phas, codeslide, descharre, fatherOfBlocks, hunter_w3b, j4ld1na, lllu_23, matrix_0wl, naman1778, petrichor, pontifex, rapha, souilos, wahedtalash77

Awards

44.9387 USDC - $44.94

Labels

bug
G (Gas Optimization)
grade-b
G-01

External Links

Link to GitHub issue

gas optmization

Summary

Noissueinstance
[Gā€‘1]Do not calculate constants1
[G-2]State variables can be packed to use fewer storage slots1
[G-3]UseĀ != 0Ā instead ofĀ > 0Ā for unsigned integer comparison13
[G-4]Avoid usingĀ state variableĀ in emit3
[G-5]Not using the named return variables when a function returns, wastes deployment gas2
[G-6]Remove the initializer modifier
[G-7]Use constants instead of type(uintx).max5
[G-8]UseĀ calldataĀ instead ofĀ memory2
[Gā€‘9]Use double if statements instead of &&8
[Gā€‘10]Can Make The Variable Outside The Loop To Save Gas10
[G-11]Make 3 event parameters indexed when possible35
[G-12]Use hardcode address instead address(this)17
[G-13]Sort Solidity operations using short-circuit mode1

[G-01] Do not calculate constants

Due to how constant variables are implemented (replacements at compile-time), an expression assigned to a constant variable is recomputed each time that the variable is used, which wastes some gas.

File: /main/contracts/ExponentialNoError.sol
22    uint256 internal constant halfExpScale = expScale / 2;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/ExponentialNoError.sol#L22

[G-02] State variables can be packed to use fewer storage slots

The EVM works with 32 byte words. Variables less than 32 bytes can be declared next to eachother in storage and this will pack the values together into a single 32 byte storage slot (if the values combined are <= 32 bytes). If the variables packed together are retrieved together in functions we will effectively save ~2000 gas with every subsequent SLOAD for that storage slot. This is due to us incurring a Gwarmaccess (100 gas) versus a Gcoldsload (2100 gas).

Gas savings: 2000

123   address public shortfall;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VTokenInterfaces.sol#L123

[G-03]UseĀ != 0Ā instead ofĀ > 0Ā for unsigned integer comparison

File: /main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol
462   if (deltaBlocks > 0 && borrowSpeed > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L462


466   Double memory ratio = borrowAmount > 0 ? fraction(tokensAccrued, borrowAmount) : Double({ mantissa: 0 });

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L466

470   } else if (deltaBlocks > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L470

483   if (deltaBlocks > 0 && supplySpeed > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L483

486    Double memory ratio = supplyTokens > 0 ? fraction(tokensAccrued, supplyTokens) : Double({ mantissa: 0 });

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L486

490    } else if (deltaBlocks > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L490

File: /main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol
261    if (deltaBlocks > 0 && rewardTokenSpeed > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L261

418    if (amount > 0 && amount <= rewardTokenRemaining) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L218

435    if (deltaBlocks > 0 && supplySpeed > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L435

438    Double memory ratio = supplyTokens > 0

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L438 446 } else if (deltaBlocks > 0) {

463    if (deltaBlocks > 0 && borrowSpeed > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L463

[G-4] Avoid usingĀ state variableĀ in emit

Using a state variable in SetOwner emits wastes gas.

File: /main/contracts/BaseJumpRateModelV2.sol
162  emit NewInterestParams(baseRatePerBlock, multiplierPerBlock, jumpMultiplierPerBlock, kink);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/BaseJumpRateModelV2.sol#L162

File: /main/contracts/MaxLoopsLimitHelper.sol
31    emit MaxLoopsLimitUpdated(oldMaxLoopsLimit, maxLoopsLimit);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/MaxLoopsLimitHelper.sol#L31

File: /main/contracts/WhitePaperInterestRateModel.sol
40    emit NewInterestParams(baseRatePerBlock, multiplierPerBlock);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/WhitePaperInterestRateModel.sol#L40

[G-05]Not using the named return variables when a function returns, wastes deployment gas

File: /main/contracts/Comptroller.sol
169   return results;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L169

1039  return allMarkets;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L1039

[G-06] Remove the initializer modifier

If we can just ensure that the initialize() function could only be called from within the constructor, we shouldnā€™t need to worry about it getting called again.

File: /main/contracts/Pool/PoolRegistry.sol
164   function initialize(
        VTokenProxyFactory vTokenFactory_,
        JumpRateModelFactory jumpRateFactory_,
        WhitePaperInterestRateModelFactory whitePaperFactory_,
        Shortfall shortfall_,
        address payable protocolShareReserve_,
        address accessControlManager_
    ) external initializer {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Pool/PoolRegistry.sol#L164

File: /main/contracts/RiskFund/ProtocolShareReserve.sol
39    function initialize(address _protocolIncome, address _riskFund) external initializer {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/RiskFund/ProtocolShareReserve.sol#L39

File: /main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol
111    function initialize(
        Comptroller comptroller_,
        IERC20Upgradeable rewardToken_,
        uint256 loopsLimit_,
        address accessControlManager_
    ) external initializer {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L111

File: /main/contracts/RiskFund/RiskFund.sol
73   function initialize(
        address pancakeSwapRouter_,
        uint256 minAmountToConvert_,
        address convertibleBaseAsset_,
        address accessControlManager_,
        uint256 loopsLimit_
    ) external initializer {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/RiskFund/RiskFund.sol#L73

File: /main/contracts/Shortfall/Shortfall.sol
131   function initialize(
        address convertibleBaseAsset_,
        IRiskFund riskFund_,
        uint256 minimumPoolBadDebt_,
        address accessControlManager_
    ) external initializer {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Shortfall/Shortfall.sol#L131

File: /main/contracts/VToken.sol
59   function initialize(
        address underlying_,
        ComptrollerInterface comptroller_,
        InterestRateModel interestRateModel_,
        uint256 initialExchangeRateMantissa_,
        string memory name_,
        string memory symbol_,
        uint8 decimals_,
        address admin_,
        address accessControlManager_,
        RiskManagementInit memory riskManagement,
        uint256 reserveFactorMantissa_
    ) external initializer {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L59

[G-07] Use constants instead of type(uintx).max

262    if (supplyCap != type(uint256).max) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L262

351    if (borrowCap != type(uint256).max) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L351

File: /main/contracts/VToken.sol
1055   if (repayAmount == type(uint256).max) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L1055

1314   startingAllowance = type(uint256).max;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L1314

1331   if (startingAllowance != type(uint256).max) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L1331

[G-8] UseĀ calldataĀ instead ofĀ memory

using calldata instead of memory for function arguments in external functions can help to reduce gas costs and improve the performance of your contracts.


154   function enterMarkets(address[] memory vTokens) external override returns (uint256[] memory) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L154


198   function setRewardTokenSpeeds(
        VToken[] memory vTokens,
        uint256[] memory supplySpeeds,
        uint256[] memory borrowSpeeds
    ) external {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L198-L201

[G-09]Use double if statements instead of &&

755   if (newCollateralFactorMantissa != 0 && oracle.getUnderlyingPrice(address(vToken)) == 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L755

File: /main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol
506    if (borrowerIndex.mantissa == 0 && borrowIndex.mantissa > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L506

526    if (supplierIndex.mantissa == 0 && supplyIndex.mantissa > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L526

File: /main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol
261    if (deltaBlocks > 0 && rewardTokenSpeed > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L261


348     if (supplierIndex == 0 && supplyIndex >= rewardTokenInitialIndex) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L348


386    if (borrowerIndex == 0 && borrowIndex >= rewardTokenInitialIndex) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L386

418    if (amount > 0 && amount <= rewardTokenRemaining) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L418

File: /main/contracts/VToken.sol
837   if (redeemTokens == 0 && redeemAmount > 0) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L837

[G-10] Can Make The Variable Outside The Loop To Save Gas


615   uint256 repaymentAmount = mul_ScalarTruncate(percentage, borrowBalance);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L615

933   address rewardToken = address(rewardsDistributors[i].rewardToken());

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L933

1123  address rewardToken = address(rewardsDistributors[i].rewardToken());

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L1123

File: /main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol
431   uint256 borrowReward = calculateBorrowerReward(

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L431

438   uint256 supplyReward = calculateSupplierReward(

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Lens/PoolLens.sol#L438

File: /main/contracts/Pool/PoolRegistry.sol
356   address comptroller = _poolsByID[i];

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Pool/PoolRegistry.sol#L356

File: /main/contracts/RiskFund/RiskFund.sol

168   address comptroller = address(vToken.comptroller());

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/RiskFund/RiskFund.sol#L168

174   uint256 swappedTokens = _swapAsset(vToken, comptroller, amountsOutMin[i], paths[i]);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/RiskFund/RiskFund.sol#L174

File: /main/contracts/Shortfall/Shortfall.sol
390   uint256 marketBadDebt = vTokens[i].badDebt();

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Shortfall/Shortfall.sol#L390

393    uint256 usdValue = (priceOracle.getUnderlyingPrice(address(vTokens[i])) * marketBadDebt) / 1e18;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Shortfall/Shortfall.sol#L393

[G-11] Make 3 event parameters indexed when possible

File: /main/contracts/BaseJumpRateModelV2.sol
45   event NewInterestParams(
        uint256 baseRatePerBlock,
        uint256 multiplierPerBlock,
        uint256 jumpMultiplierPerBlock,
        uint256 kink
    );

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/BaseJumpRateModelV2.sol#L45

File: /main/contracts/MaxLoopsLimitHelper.sol
16   event MaxLoopsLimitUpdated(uint256 oldMaxLoopsLimit, uint256 newmaxLoopsLimit);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/MaxLoopsLimitHelper.sol#L16

File: /main/contracts/Pool/PoolRegistry.sol
118   event PoolNameSet(address indexed comptroller, string oldName, string newName);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Pool/PoolRegistry.sol#L118

123   event PoolMetadataUpdated(
        address indexed comptroller,
        VenusPoolMetaData oldMetadata,
        VenusPoolMetaData newMetadata
    );

132  event MarketAdded(address indexed comptroller, address vTokenAddress);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Pool/PoolRegistry.sol#L118

File: /main/contracts/RiskFund/ProtocolShareReserve.sol
22      event FundsReleased(address comptroller, address asset, uint256 amount);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/RiskFund/ProtocolShareReserve.sol#L22

File: /main/contracts/RiskFund/ReserveHelpers.sol
30       event AssetsReservesUpdated(address indexed comptroller, address indexed asset, uint256 amount);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/RiskFund/ReserveHelpers.sol#L30

57    event DistributedSupplierRewardToken(
        VToken indexed vToken,
        address indexed supplier,
        uint256 rewardTokenDelta,
        uint256 rewardTokenTotal,
        uint256 rewardTokenSupplyIndex
    );

75   event RewardTokenSupplySpeedUpdated(VToken indexed vToken, uint256 newSpeed);

78       event RewardTokenBorrowSpeedUpdated(VToken indexed vToken, uint256 newSpeed);

81       event RewardTokenGranted(address recipient, uint256 amount);

84   event ContributorRewardTokenSpeedUpdated(address indexed contributor, uint256 newSpeed);

87   event MarketInitialized(address vToken);

90   event RewardTokenSupplyIndexUpdated(address vToken);

93   event RewardTokenBorrowIndexUpdated(address vToken, Exp marketBorrowIndex);

96   event ContributorRewardsUpdated(address contributor, uint256 rewardAccrued);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Rewards/RewardsDistributor.sol#L57


47    event AmountOutMinUpdated(uint256 oldAmountOutMin, uint256 newAmountOutMin);

    
50    event MinAmountToConvertUpdated(uint256 oldMinAmountToConvert, uint256 newMinAmountToConvert);

    
    event TransferredReserveForAuction(address comptroller, uint256 amount);

56   event TransferredReserveForAuction(address comptroller, uint256 amount);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/RiskFund/RiskFund.sol#L47

75    event AuctionStarted(
        address indexed comptroller,
        uint256 auctionStartBlock,
        AuctionType auctionType,
        VToken[] markets,
        uint256[] marketsDebt,
        uint256 seizedRiskFund,
        uint256 startBidBps
    );

86   event BidPlaced(address indexed comptroller, uint256 auctionStartBlock, uint256 bidBps, address indexed bidder);

89    event AuctionClosed(
        address indexed comptroller,
        uint256 auctionStartBlock,
        address indexed highestBidder,
        uint256 highestBidBps,
        uint256 seizedRiskFind,
        VToken[] markets,
        uint256[] marketDebt
    );
100   event AuctionRestarted(address indexed comptroller, uint256 auctionStartBlock);

106   event MinimumPoolBadDebtUpdated(uint256 oldMinimumPoolBadDebt, uint256 newMinimumPoolBadDebt);

109   event WaitForFirstBidderUpdated(uint256 oldWaitForFirstBidder, uint256 newWaitForFirstBidder);

112   event NextBidderBlockLimitUpdated(uint256 oldNextBidderBlockLimit, uint256 newNextBidderBlockLimit);

115   event IncentiveBpsUpdated(uint256 oldIncentiveBps, uint256 newIncentiveBps);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Shortfall/Shortfall.sol#L75

File: /main/contracts/VTokenInterfaces.sol
149       event AccrueInterest(uint256 cashPrior, uint256 interestAccumulated, uint256 borrowIndex, uint256 totalBorrows);

154        event Mint(address indexed minter, uint256 mintAmount, uint256 mintTokens, uint256 accountBalance);

159       event Redeem(address indexed redeemer, uint256 redeemAmount, uint256 redeemTokens, uint256 accountBalance);

164       event Borrow(address indexed borrower, uint256 borrowAmount, uint256 accountBorrows, uint256 totalBorrows);
169    event RepayBorrow(
        address indexed payer,
        address indexed borrower,
        uint256 repayAmount,
        uint256 accountBorrows,
        uint256 totalBorrows
    );
184   event BadDebtIncreased(address indexed borrower, uint256 badDebtDelta, uint256 badDebtOld, uint256 badDebtNew);

191   event BadDebtRecovered(uint256 badDebtOld, uint256 badDebtNew);

232  event NewProtocolSeizeShare(uint256 oldProtocolSeizeShareMantissa, uint256 newProtocolSeizeShareMantissa);

237   event NewReserveFactor(uint256 oldReserveFactorMantissa, uint256 newReserveFactorMantissa);

242  event ReservesAdded(address indexed benefactor, uint256 addAmount, uint256 newTotalReserves);

247   event ReservesReduced(address indexed admin, uint256 reduceAmount, uint256 newTotalReserves);

252  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

262  event HealBorrow(address payer, address borrower, uint256 repayAmount);

267   event SweepToken(address token);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VTokenInterfaces.sol#L149

File: /main/contracts/Factories/VTokenProxyFactory.sol
26   event VTokenProxyDeployed(VTokenArgs args);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Factories/VTokenProxyFactory.sol#L26

File: /main/contracts/WhitePaperInterestRateModel.sol
29   event NewInterestParams(uint256 baseRatePerBlock, uint256 multiplierPerBlock);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/WhitePaperInterestRateModel.sol#L29

[G-12] Use hardcode address instead address(this)

File: /main/contracts/BaseJumpRateModelV2.sol
98    revert Unauthorized(msg.sender, address(this), signature);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/BaseJumpRateModelV2.sol#L98

File: /main/contracts/Comptroller.sol
501    if (seizerContract == address(this)) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#501

504    if (address(VToken(vTokenCollateral).comptroller()) != address(this)) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#504

File: /main/contracts/VToken.sol
420    emit RepayBorrow(address(this), borrower, badDebtDelta, accountBorrowsPrev - badDebtDelta, totalBorrowsNew);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L420

527     uint256 balance = token.balanceOf(address(this));

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L527

749     comptroller.preMintHook(address(this), minter, mintAmount);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L749

842     comptroller.preRedeemHook(address(this), redeemer, redeemTokens);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L842

869     emit Transfer(redeemer, address(this), redeemTokens);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L869

879     comptroller.preBorrowHook(address(this), borrower, borrowAmount);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L879

936     comptroller.preRepayHook(address(this), borrower);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L936

1078    if (address(vTokenCollateral) == address(this)) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L1078

1079   _seize(address(this), liquidator, borrower, seizeTokens);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L1079

1104    comptroller.preSeizeHook(address(this), seizerContract, liquidator, borrower);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L1104

1134   emit Transfer(borrower, address(this), protocolSeizeTokens);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L1134

1135  emit ReservesAdded(address(this), protocolSeizeAmount, totalReservesNew);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/VToken.sol#L1135

[G-13] Sort Solidity operations using short-circuit mode

File: /main/contracts/Comptroller.sol
449   if (skipLiquidityCheck || isDeprecated(VToken(vTokenBorrowed))) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2023-05-venus/blob/main/contracts/Comptroller.sol#L449

#0 - c4-judge

2023-05-18T17:58:48Z

0xean marked the issue as grade-b

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