Platform: Code4rena
Start Date: 11/08/2022
Pot Size: $40,000 USDC
Total HM: 8
Participants: 108
Period: 4 days
Judge: hickuphh3
Total Solo HM: 2
Id: 152
League: ETH
Rank: 41/108
Findings: 2
Award: $73.00
๐ Selected for report: 0
๐ Solo Findings: 0
๐ Selected for report: Saw-mon_and_Natalie
Also found by: 0x1f8b, 0x52, 0xDjango, 0xNazgul, 0xSmartContract, 0xSolus, 0xackermann, 0xmatt, 0xsolstars, Aymen0909, Bnke0x0, Chom, Deivitto, DevABDee, Dravee, ElKu, IllIllI, JC, Kumpa, Lambda, LeoS, MiloTruck, PwnedNoMore, ReyAdmirado, Rohan16, Rolezn, Ruhum, Sm4rty, TomJ, Treasure-Seeker, Vexjon, Waze, Yiko, __141345__, apostle0x01, auditor0517, berndartmueller, bin2chen, bobirichman, brgltd, bulej93, c3phas, carlitox477, cccz, cryptphi, csanuragjain, d3e4, danb, delfin454000, durianSausage, erictee, fatherOfBlocks, gogo, iamwhitelights, joestakey, jonatascm, ladboy233, mics, oyc_109, rbserver, ret2basic, robee, rokinot, rvierdiiev, shenwilly, sikorico, simon135, thank_you, wagmi, yash90, zeesaw, zkhorse
51.2024 USDC - $51.20
Context:
NFTDropCollection.sol#L159 NFTDropCollection.sol#L209 NFTCollection.sol#L230 NFTCollection.sol#L255 NFTDropCollection.sol#L209 NFTDropCollection.sol#L245
Description: Events help non-contract tools to track changes, and events prevent users from being surprised by changes
Recommendation: Add Event-Emitto critical parameters
Context: All Contracts
Description: Our Solidity code is also cleaner in another wayย that might not be noticeable: theย struct Point. We were importing it previously with global import but not using it. Theย Pointย struct โpolluted the source codeโ with an unnecessary object we were not using because we did not need it. This was breaking the rule of modularity and modular programming: โonly import what you needโ Specific imports with curly braces allow us to apply this rule better.
Recommendation: Use like this;
import {symbol1, symbol2} from "filename.sol";
Context: NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L230-L231 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L206-L207
Description
versionNFTCollection
and versionNFTDropCollection
state variables type are uint32
Otherhand , they was declerated to uint256
in NatSpec when they use in functions.
Recommendation NatSpec comments should be change.
#0 - HardlyDifficult
2022-08-18T19:25:42Z
1-Missing Event for Critical Parameters Change
Invalid. All those examples include events via the helper functions they call.
2-For modern and more readable code; Update import usage
Fair feedback, but personally I prefer the current old school style.
3-Inconsistency in NatSpec comments
Agree, this was missed when we started packing. Will fix.
๐ Selected for report: Dravee
Also found by: 0x040, 0x1f8b, 0xDjango, 0xHarry, 0xNazgul, 0xSmartContract, 0xbepresent, 0xkatana, Amithuddar, Aymen0909, Bnke0x0, Chom, CodingNameKiki, Deivitto, DevABDee, Diraco, ElKu, Fitraldys, Funen, IllIllI, JC, LeoS, Metatron, MiloTruck, Noah3o6, ReyAdmirado, Rohan16, Rolezn, Saw-mon_and_Natalie, Sm4rty, SpaceCake, TomJ, Tomio, Trabajo_de_mates, Waze, Yiko, __141345__, ajtra, apostle0x01, bobirichman, brgltd, bulej93, c3phas, cRat1st0s, carlitox477, d3e4, durianSausage, erictee, fatherOfBlocks, gerdusx, gogo, hakerbaya, ignacio, jag, joestakey, ladboy233, medikko, mics, newfork01, oyc_109, pfapostol, robee, rvierdiiev, sach1r0, saian, samruna, sikorico, simon135, wagmi, zeesaw, zkhorse, zuhaibmohd
21.7964 USDC - $21.80
Context: NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L73 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L88 NFTDropCollection.sol#L54
Proof Of Concept The optimizer was turned on and set to 10000 runs
contract GasTest is DSTest { Contract0 c0; Contract1 c1; function setUp() public { c0 = new Contract0(); c1 = new Contract1(); } function testGas() public { c0.adminUpdateNFTCollectionImplementation(0x5B38Da6a701c568545dCfcB03FcB875f56beddC4); c1.adminUpdateNFTCollectionImplementation(0x5B38Da6a701c568545dCfcB03FcB875f56beddC4); } } contract Contract0 { address public implementationNFTCollection; function adminUpdateNFTCollectionImplementation(address _implementation) external { implementationNFTCollection = _implementation; } } contract Contract1 { address public implementationNFTCollection; function adminUpdateNFTCollectionImplementation(address _implementation) external { assembly { sstore(implementationNFTCollection.slot, _implementation) } } }
Gas Report
โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract0 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 66917 โ 366 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ adminUpdateNFTCollectionImplementation โ 22363 โ 22363 โ 22363 โ 22363 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract1 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 51705 โ 290 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ adminUpdateNFTCollectionImplementation โ 22324 โ 22324 โ 22324 โ 22324 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ
Context:
NFTCollection.sol#L95 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L181 NFTDropCollection.sol#L101 NFTDropMarket.sol#L82
Description:
You can cut out 10 opcodes in the creation-time EVM bytecode if you declare a constructor payable. Making the constructor payable eliminates the need for an initial check ofย msg.value == 0
ย and saves 21
gas on deployment with no security risks.
Proof Of Concept https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/a-collection-of-gas-optimisation-tricks/19966/5?u=pcaversaccio The optimizer was turned on and set to 10000 runs
contract GasTest is DSTest { Contract0 c0; Contract1 c1; function setUp() public { c0 = new Contract0(); c1 = new Contract1(); } } contract Contract0 { uint256 public dummy; constructor() payable { dummy = 1; } } contract Contract1 { uint256 public dummy; constructor() { dummy = 1; } }
Gas Report
โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract0 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 57569 โ 200 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract1 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 57593 โ 213 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ
Context:ย All Contracts
Description: Contracts most called functions could simply save gas by function ordering via Method ID. Calling a function at runtime will be cheaper if the function is positioned earlier in the order (has a relatively lower Method ID) because 22 gas are added to the cost of a function for every position that came before it. The caller can save on gas if you prioritize most called functions.
Recommendation:
Find a lower method ID name for the most called functions for exampleย Call()ย vs.ย Call1()ย is cheaper by 22 gas.
For example, the function IDs in the NFTCollectionFactory.sol
contract will be the most used; A lower method ID may be given
8d8965bd => initialize(uint32) 687aa301 => adminUpdateNFTCollectionImplementation(address) 2b61c6c4 => adminUpdateNFTDropCollectionImplementation(address) 27be0da2 => createNFTCollection(string,string,uint256) 18a1cb23 => createNFTDropCollection(string,string,string,bytes32,uint32,address,uint256) 20ea5e73 => createNFTDropCollectionWithPaymentAddress(string,string,string,bytes32,uint32,address,uint256,address) fe7bf4ed => createNFTDropCollectionWithPaymentFactory(string,string,string,bytes32,uint32,address,uint256,CallWithoutValue) b832eeaf => _createNFTDropCollection(string,string,string,bytes32,uint32,address,address,uint256) 65c3dd8e => predictNFTCollectionAddress(address,uint256) e53e12cd => predictNFTDropCollectionAddress(address,uint256) 84e450bb => _getSalt(address,uint256)
Proof of Consept: https://coinsbench.com/advanced-gas-optimizations-tips-for-solidity-85c47f413dc5
Context:ย
MarketFees.sol#L126 MarketFees.sol#L198 MarketFees.sol#L484 MarketFees.sol#L482 MarketFees.sol#L503
**ย Description:**ย One can save gas by caching the array length (in stack) and using that set variable in the loop. Replace state variable reads and writes within loops with local variable reads and writes. This is done by assigning state variable values to new local variables, reading and/or writing the local variables in a loop, then after the loop assigning any changed local variables to their equivalent state variables.
**ย Recommendation:**ย
Simply do something like so before the for loop:ย uint length = variable.length
Then addย lengthย in place ofย variable.lengthย in the for loop.
Context:ย
NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L231 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L207
**ย Description:**ย Due to reduced stack operations, usingย ++indexย saves 5 gas per iteration.
**ย Recommendation:**ย Useย ++indexย to increment a loop counter
Proof Of Concept The optimizer was turned on and set to 10000 runs
contract GasTest is DSTest { Contract0 c0; Contract1 c1; function setUp() public { c0 = new Contract0(); c1 = new Contract1(); } function testGas() public { c0.foo(); c1.foo(); } } contract Contract0 { uint256 versionNFTDropCollection; function foo() external { ++versionNFTDropCollection; } } contract Contract1 { uint256 versionNFTDropCollection; function foo() external { versionNFTDropCollection++; } }
Gas Report
โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract0 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 43893 โ 250 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 22303 โ 22303 โ 22303 โ 22303 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract1 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 44293 โ 252 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 22308 โ 22308 โ 22308 โ 22308 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ
Context:ย
NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L202 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L226 NFTDropCollection.sol#L159 NFTDropCollection.sol#L195 NFTDropCollection.sol#L209 NFTDropCollection.sol#L220 NFTDropCollection.sol#L232
Description: If a function modifier such as onlyOwner is used, the function will revert if a normal user tries to pay the function. Marking the function as payable will lower the gas cost for legitimate callers because the compiler will not include checks for whether a payment was provided. The extra opcodes avoided are CALLVALUE(2),DUP1(3),ISZERO(3),PUSH2(3),JUMPI(10),PUSH1(3),DUP1(3),REVERT(0),JUMPDEST(1),POP(2), which costs an average of about 21 gas per call to the function, in addition to the extra deployment cost
Recommendation:
Functions guaranteed to revert when called by normal users can be marked payable (for only onlyowner
functions)
Proof Of Concept The optimizer was turned on and set to 10000 runs
contract GasTest is DSTest { Contract0 c0; Contract1 c1; function setUp() public { c0 = new Contract0(); c1 = new Contract1(); } function testGas() public { c0.foo(); c1.foo(); } } contract Contract0 { uint256 versionNFTDropCollection; function foo() external { versionNFTDropCollection++; } } contract Contract1 { uint256 versionNFTDropCollection; function foo() external payable { versionNFTDropCollection++; } }
Gas Report
โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract0 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 44293 โ 252 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 22308 โ 22308 โ 22308 โ 22308 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract1 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 41893 โ 240 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 22284 โ 22284 โ 22284 โ 22284 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ
Context:ย
SequentialMintCollection.sol#L87-L89 SequentialMintCollection.sol#L74 SequentialMintCollection.sol#L63 SequentialMintCollection.sol#L58 NFTDropCollection.sol#L238 NFTDropCollection.sol#L172 NFTDropCollection.sol#L130-L131 NFTDropCollection.sol#L93 NFTDropCollection.sol#L88 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L262 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L227 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L203 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L173 NFTCollection.sol#L327 NFTCollection.sol#L263-L268 NFTCollection.sol#L158
Description: Custom errors are available from solidity version 0.8.4. Custom errors save ~50 gas each time theyโre hitby avoiding having to allocate and store the revert string. Not defining the strings also save deployment gas https://blog.soliditylang.org/2021/04/21/custom-errors/
Proof Of Concept The optimizer was turned on and set to 10000 runs
contract GasTest is DSTest { Contract0 c0; Contract1 c1; function setUp() public { c0 = new Contract0(); c1 = new Contract1(); } function testGas() public { c0.foo(); c1.foo(); } } contract Contract0 { uint256 versionNFTDropCollection; error NFT_Collection_Error(); function foo() external { if (versionNFTDropCollection != 0) { revert NFT_Collection_Error(); } } } contract Contract1 { uint256 versionNFTDropCollection; function foo() external { require(versionNFTDropCollection != 0, "NFTCollection error"); } }
Gas Report
โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract0 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 33287 โ 196 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 2242 โ 2242 โ 2242 โ 2242 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract1 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 41693 โ 239 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 2310 โ 2310 โ 2310 โ 2310 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ
Context:ย
SequentialMintCollection.sol#L74 SequentialMintCollection.sol#L87-L89 SequentialMintCollection.sol#L58 NFTDropCollection.sol#L172 NFTDropCollection.sol#L130-L131 NFTDropCollection.sol#L93 NFTDropCollection.sol#L88 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L262 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L227 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L182 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L203 NFTCollectionFactory.sol#L173 NFTCollection.sol#L327 NFTCollection.sol#L263-L268 NFTCollection.sol#L158
Description:
Shortening revert strings to fit in 32 bytes will decrease deployment time gas and will decrease runtime gas when the revert condition is met.
Revert strings that are longer than 32 bytes require at least one additional mstore
, along with additional overhead for computing memory offset, etc.
Recommendation: Revert strings > 32 bytes or use Custom Error()
Proof Of Concept The optimizer was turned on and set to 10000 runs
contract GasTest is DSTest { Contract0 c0; Contract1 c1; function setUp() public { c0 = new Contract0(); c1 = new Contract1(); } function testGas() public { c0.foo(); c1.foo(); } } contract Contract0 { uint256 versionNFTDropCollection; function foo() external { require(versionNFTDropCollection != 0, "NFTCollection error "); } } contract Contract1 { uint256 versionNFTDropCollection; function foo() external { require(versionNFTDropCollection != 0, "Your NFTCollection Drop List Has Error with NFT ID "); } }
Gas Report
โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract0 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 44093 โ 251 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 2334 โ 2334 โ 2334 โ 2334 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract1 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 51705 โ 290 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 2352 โ 2352 โ 2352 โ 2352 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ
Context:ย https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-foundation/blob/main/contracts/mixins/shared/Constants.sol#L26 https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-foundation/blob/main/contracts/mixins/shared/Constants.sol#L43 https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-foundation/blob/main/contracts/mixins/shared/MarketFees.sol#L45 https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-foundation/blob/main/contracts/mixins/shared/MarketFees.sol#L47
**ย Description:**ย Due to how constant variables are implemented (replacements at compile-time), an expression assigned to a constant variable is recomputed each time that the variable is used, which wastes some gas. If the developer wants to show the calculation in the Constant expression, he can annotate it with โ//โ
Proof Of Concept The optimizer was turned on and set to 10000 runs
contract GasTest is DSTest { Contract0 c0; Contract1 c1; function setUp() public { c0 = new Contract0(); c1 = new Contract1(); } function testGas() public { c0.foo(); c1.foo(); } } contract Contract0 { uint256 constant BASIS_POINTS = 10000; uint256 constant MIN_PERCENT_INCREMENT_DENOMINATOR = BASIS_POINTS / 1000; function foo() external { uint256 x = MIN_PERCENT_INCREMENT_DENOMINATOR; } } contract Contract1 { uint256 constant MIN_PERCENT_INCREMENT_DENOMINATOR = 10; //(BASIS_POINTS / 1000) function foo() external { uint256 x = MIN_PERCENT_INCREMENT_DENOMINATOR; } }
Gas Report
โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract0 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 36687 โ 214 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 189 โ 189 โ 189 โ 189 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract1 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 20275 โ 130 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 98 โ 98 โ 98 โ 98 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ
Context:ย NFTCollection.sol#L158
Proof Of Concept The optimizer was turned on and set to 10000 runs
contract GasTest is DSTest { Contract0 c0; Contract1 c1; function setUp() public { c0 = new Contract0(); c1 = new Contract1(); } function testGas() public { c0.foo(); c1.foo(); } } contract Contract0 { function foo() external { address payable tokenCreatorPaymentAddress; require(tokenCreatorPaymentAddress != address(0), "tokenCreator Address is required"); } } contract Contract1 { function foo() external { address payable tokenCreatorPaymentAddress; assembly { if iszero(tokenCreatorPaymentAddress) { mstore(0x00, "tokenCreator Address is required") revert(0x00, 0x20) } } } }
Gas Report
โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract0 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 50099 โ 280 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 236 โ 236 โ 236 โ 236 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ src/test/GasTest.t.sol:Contract1 contract โ โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโชโโโโโโชโโโโโโโโโโก โ Deployment Cost โ Deployment Size โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ 30281 โ 181 โ โ โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ Function Name โ min โ avg โ median โ max โ # calls โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโค โ foo โ 131 โ 131 โ 131 โ 131 โ 1 โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโฏ
#0 - HardlyDifficult
2022-08-19T00:23:36Z
1-Use assembly to write address storage values
Won't fix. While this may save a tiny bit of gas, we reserve the use of assembly to areas where it would provide significant benefit or accomplish something that's otherwise not possible with Solidity alone.
2-Setting The Constructor To Payable
Disagree. This could save gas but 1) this seems like a poor practice to encourage and could be error prone. and 2) we don't care about optimizing admin-only actions.
3-Function Ordering via Method ID
Disagree, this can hurt the user experience and saves very little gas.
Cache Array Length Outside of Loop
May be theoretically valid, but won't fix. I tested this: gas-reporter and our gas-stories suite is reporting a small regression using this technique. It also hurts readability a bit so we wouldn't want to include it unless it was a clear win.
5-Use ++index instead of index++ to increment a loop counter
Agree, will fix.
6-Functions Guaranteed to Revert When Callled By Normal Users Can Be Marked Payable
Disagree. This could save gas but 1) this seems like a poor practice to encourage and could be error prone. and 2) we don't care about optimizing admin-only actions.
Custom errors
Agree but won't fix at this time. We use these in the market but not in collections. Unfortunately custom errors are still not as good of an experience for users (e.g. on etherscan). We used them in the market originally because we were nearing the max contract size limit and this was a good way to reduce the bytecode. We'll consider this in the future as tooling continues to improve.
Use short error messages
Agree but won't fix. We use up to 64 bytes, aiming to respect the incremental cost but 32 bytes is a bit too short to provide descriptive error messages for our users.
9-Do not calculate constants
I made the recommended changes and our tests show 2 gas saved. For readability I prefer the current form.
Use assembly to check for zero address.
Won't fix. While this may save a tiny bit of gas, we reserve the use of assembly to areas where it would provide significant benefit or accomplish something that's otherwise not possible with Solidity alone.