AI Arena - wahedtalash77's results

Overview

AI Arena is a PvP platform fighting game where the fighters are AIs that were trained by humans. There are two distinct and complementary competitions that power the platform:

1 - Research Competition

Researchers from around the world compete to create the best Machine Learning (ML) model to battle in the game.

2- Gaming Competition.

Gamers from around the world compete to develop the optimal training strategy to maximize their NFT’s performance in the Arena.Gamers also have the opportunity to win new NFTs through the Merging Pool, further improving their chances for global domination.

the Native token is Neuron ($NRN)

Audit Approach

1. Preliminary Review: Understand the purpose and functionality of each contract. Review the provided specifications, requirements, and design documentation. Identify external dependencies and interactions with other contracts or systems.

2. Code Review: Perform a line-by-line review of the Solidity code, focusing on critical functions and logic. Verify adherence to best practices, including gas optimization, error handling, and code readability. Identify potential vulnerabilities such as reentrancy, integer overflow/underflow, and unhandled exceptions.

3. Documentation and Reporting: Compile audit findings, including identified issues, recommendations, and suggested improvements. Provide detailed documentation explaining vulnerabilities, their potential impact, and mitigation strategies. Deliver a comprehensive audit report outlining the audit approach, methodology, findings, and recommendations for each contract.

Architecture recommendations

FighterOps.sol

• Consider adding access control mechanisms to restrict the usage of public functions to authorized contracts or addresses.
• Implement input validation to ensure that inputs meet certain criteria before processing them.
• Evaluate the necessity of exposing sensitive information such as the owner's address in the viewFighterInfo function. If possible, implement privacy measures to protect user data.
• Verify that the code remains compatible with future Solidity versions and consider updating the pragma directive if necessary.

StakeAtRisk.sol

• Ensure that the RankedBattle contract, upon which StakeAtRisk relies heavily, is secure and audited thoroughly.
• Implement reentrancy guards for functions interacting with external contracts to mitigate potential reentrancy attacks.
• Consider adding upgradeability mechanisms to facilitate future upgrades or changes in the contract's dependencies.
• Verify that the Neuron contract behaves as expected, especially regarding the return value of the transfer function, to prevent unexpected behaviors in StakeAtRisk.
• Review event emission to cover all relevant scenarios, including failures and treasury sweeps, for comprehensive auditing.

Verification.sol

• Consider adding additional checks for signature malleability to enhance the security of signature verification.
• Evaluate whether the use of inline assembly is necessary for the given functionality and consider alternative approaches if possible.
• Implement thorough input validation to ensure the integrity of the input data and prevent unexpected behavior.

VoltageManager.sol

• Implement a mechanism for contract upgradeability to allow for fixes and improvements without disrupting the existing ecosystem.
• Introduce a circuit breaker mechanism to pause contract functionality in case of emergencies or critical issues.
• Refactor the contract to use constants or configurable parameters instead of magic numbers for better readability and flexibility.
• Enhance access control mechanisms with function modifiers to streamline access control checks and reduce the risk of errors.

Neuron.sol

• Consider using OpenZeppelin's Ownable and AccessControl contracts for standardized access control mechanisms.
• Implement upgradeability mechanisms to facilitate future upgrades or changes in contract functionalities.
• Enhance input validation in functions like transferOwnership to prevent unexpected behaviors due to invalid inputs.

GameItems.sol

• Implement a circuit breaker mechanism to pause contract functionality in case of discovered vulnerabilities or emergencies.
• Consider using OpenZeppelin's ERC1155 implementation to ensure compliance with the standard and reduce potential risks associated with custom implementations.
• Review and potentially refactor admin controls to minimize the risks associated with compromised admin accounts.

AiArenaHelper.sol

• Consider decentralizing control over attribute probabilities and divisors to enhance trust and decentralization within the ecosystem.
• Implement standardized access control mechanisms like OpenZeppelin's AccessControl to manage contract ownership and admin privileges more securely.
• Enhance input validation to prevent potential issues arising from malformed input data.
• Introduce events for critical contract actions like ownership transfer and attribute probability changes to improve transparency and auditability.

MergingPool.sol

• Review and potentially refactor the contract to reduce centralization risks associated with owner and admin control over critical contract functions.
• Implement input validation checks to ensure that only valid addresses and parameters are accepted in functions like transferOwnership and adjustAdminAccess.
• Consider adding a circuit breaker mechanism to pause contract functionality in case of discovered vulnerabilities or emergencies.
• Optimize gas usage in functions like getFighterPoints to prevent unnecessary gas consumption and ensure efficient contract operation.

RankedBattle.sol

• Evaluate the contract's reliance on centralized entities like the game server and consider decentralized alternatives to enhance resilience and trust within the ecosystem.
• Implement additional access control mechanisms to restrict access to critical functions and minimize the risk of unauthorized actions.
• Enhance gas optimization strategies to minimize transaction costs, especially in functions like claimNRN that involve looping through multiple rounds.
• Consider implementing upgradeability mechanisms to facilitate future upgrades or bug fixes without disrupting contract functionality.

FighterFarm.sol

• Assess the contract's centralization risks associated with owner-controlled functions and consider decentralization strategies to distribute control more evenly.
• Ensure robust implementation of signature verification in functions like claimFighters to prevent unauthorized claims.
• Review external contract interactions for potential reentrancy vulnerabilities and implement appropriate safeguards to mitigate risks.
• Consider using standardized access control mechanisms like OpenZeppelin's Ownable or AccessControl for more secure and auditable contract ownership management.

 

Codebase quality analysis

FighterOps.sol

• The codebase is structured with clear delineation of events, structs, and functions, facilitating readability and maintenance.
• Lack of access control and input validation mechanisms could pose security risks and lead to unexpected behaviors if not addressed.
• Compatibility with Solidity versions is ensured through pragma directives.

Verification.sol

• The codebase demonstrates a clear understanding of cryptographic principles and signature verification techniques.
• Usage of inline assembly is appropriately handled for extracting signature components.
• Lack of comprehensive input validation could be addressed to enhance robustness.

VoltageManager.sol

• The contract exhibits a structured organization with clear delineation of functionalities and state variables.
• Use of external contract interactions is managed cautiously, mitigating risks associated with reentrancy attacks.
• Opportunities exist to improve code readability and flexibility by replacing magic numbers with constants or configurable parameters.

Neuron.sol

• The contract leverages OpenZeppelin's ERC20 and AccessControl contracts, providing a solid foundation for security and functionality.
• Custom functionalities such as airdrop setup and daily allowance mechanisms are implemented to enhance the contract's capabilities.
• Careful consideration should be given to potential vulnerabilities associated with external contract interactions and owner/admin privileges.

GameItems.sol

• The contract introduces a comprehensive system for managing game items within the AI Arena platform, including minting, transferring, and burning functionalities.
• Custom implementations for access control and token URI management may introduce complexities and potential security risks that should be carefully addressed.
• Gas optimization and standardized error handling practices could further improve the contract's efficiency and maintainability.

StakeAtRisk.sol

• The codebase demonstrates a clear understanding of the contract's purpose and interacts with other contracts seamlessly.
• Access control mechanisms are implemented to restrict sensitive functions, enhancing security.
• While reentrancy is not a concern due to Solidity version 0.8.x, ensuring robust error handling and contract upgrades remains essential.

AiArenaHelper.sol

• The contract provides comprehensive functionality for managing attribute probabilities and generating physical attributes for AI fighters.
• Custom implementations for ownership and access control introduce complexity that should be carefully reviewed and audited for potential security flaws.
• Gas optimization and input validation enhancements could improve the contract's efficiency and security.

MergingPool.sol

• The contract offers a framework for managing rewards distribution and winner selection in a gaming ecosystem.
• Centralization risks associated with owner and admin control should be carefully evaluated and mitigated to enhance trust and resilience.
• Gas optimization and input validation improvements could enhance contract efficiency and robustness.

RankedBattle.sol

• The contract facilitates staking, battle outcomes tracking, and rewards distribution within a gaming ecosystem.
• Centralization risks related to external dependencies and admin control should be addressed to improve trust and decentralization.
• Gas optimization and access control enhancements could enhance contract efficiency and security.

FighterFarm.sol

• The contract provides functionality for minting, transferring, and managing AI fighter NFTs within a gaming ecosystem.
• Centralization risks associated with owner-controlled functions and external dependencies should be carefully managed to enhance trust and security.
• Robust implementation of signature verification and access control mechanisms is crucial for preventing unauthorized actions and ensuring contract security.

Mechanism review

FighterOps.sol

• The FighterOps library provides essential functionalities for managing fighter NFTs, including event emission and retrieval of fighter information.
• The codebase adheres to Solidity best practices with clear structuring and documentation.
• Security considerations such as access control and data privacy need to be further evaluated and addressed.

StakeAtRisk.sol

• StakeAtRisk facilitates the staking of tokens for a gaming or competition system, ensuring integrity through interaction with the RankedBattle contract.
• Access control mechanisms are in place to restrict sensitive operations to authorized contracts.
• While the codebase appears robust, potential risks such as contract upgrades and external contract interactions should be carefully managed.

Verification.sol

• The verify function efficiently verifies Ethereum signatures and adheres to standard practices for signature verification.
• The contract leverages Ethereum's built-in mechanisms for secure signature recovery.
• Potential risks associated with signature malleability should be carefully considered and addressed to ensure the integrity of signature verification.

VoltageManager.sol

• VoltageManager provides a comprehensive set of functionalities for managing voltage within the gaming ecosystem.
• Access control mechanisms are implemented to restrict sensitive operations, although improvements could be made to enhance granularity and flexibility.
• Timestamp dependence and lack of input validation represent potential areas of concern that require careful consideration and mitigation strategies.

Neuron.sol

• The contract effectively manages token functionalities and access control mechanisms, leveraging industry-standard solutions provided by OpenZeppelin.
• Custom functionalities such as airdrop setup and daily allowance mechanisms add value to the contract but should be thoroughly tested and audited for potential vulnerabilities.

GameItems.sol

• GameItems.sol provides a robust system for managing game items within the AI Arena platform, incorporating various features such as minting, transferring, and burning functionalities.
• Custom access control mechanisms and token URI management introduce complexities that should be carefully reviewed and audited to ensure security and reliability.
• External dependencies on the Neuron contract should be closely monitored and validated to prevent potential risks associated with changes or vulnerabilities in the Neuron contract.

AiArenaHelper.sol

• The contract effectively manages attribute probabilities and physical attribute generation for AI fighters.
• Custom ownership and access control mechanisms should be carefully reviewed for potential security vulnerabilities.
• Gas optimization and input validation enhancements could improve contract efficiency and robustness.

MergingPool.sol

• The contract provides functionality for managing rewards distribution and winner selection within a gaming ecosystem.
• Centralization risks associated with owner and admin control should be mitigated to enhance trust and decentralization.
• Gas optimization and input validation improvements could improve contract efficiency and security.

RankedBattle.sol

• The contract facilitates staking, battle outcomes tracking, and rewards distribution within a gaming ecosystem.
• Centralization risks related to external dependencies and admin control should be addressed to improve trust and resilience.
• Gas optimization and access control enhancements could improve contract efficiency and security.

FighterFarm.sol

• The contract offers functionality for minting, transferring, and managing AI fighter NFTs within a gaming ecosystem.
• Centralization risks associated with owner-controlled functions and external dependencies should be managed to enhance trust and security.
• Robust signature verification and access control mechanisms are essential for preventing unauthorized actions and ensuring contract security.

Systemic risks

FighterOps.sol

• Lack of access control and input validation mechanisms may lead to unauthorized access or unexpected behaviors, compromising system security.
• Exposing sensitive information such as user addresses without appropriate privacy measures could result in privacy violations.

StakeAtRisk.sol

• Dependency on external contracts like RankedBattle introduces centralization risks, as vulnerabilities or bugs in these contracts could affect StakeAtRisk's functionality.
• Inadequate error handling or unexpected behaviors in the Neuron contract may impact StakeAtRisk's operations, emphasizing the need for thorough testing and auditing.

Verification.sol

• While the contract appears secure for its intended purpose, the reliance on external signatures introduces inherent risks associated with cryptographic operations and potential vulnerabilities in the underlying Ethereum protocol.

VoltageManager.sol

• Centralized control over owner privileges and admin functions poses systemic risks, as compromise of privileged accounts could lead to unauthorized access and manipulation of contract functionalities.
• Lack of contract upgradeability and emergency stop mechanisms limits the contract's ability to respond to critical issues or evolving security threats effectively.

Neuron.sol

• Centralized control over owner and admin privileges could pose systemic risks if the corresponding accounts are compromised, potentially leading to unauthorized actions or manipulations within the contract.
• Dependence on external contracts for functionalities such as airdrop setup and token transfers introduces systemic risks associated with vulnerabilities or changes in the behavior of these contracts.

GameItems.sol

• Admin controls and custom access control mechanisms introduce systemic risks associated with compromised admin accounts or vulnerabilities in the contract's implementation.
• Lack of standardized error handling practices and upgradeability mechanisms may hinder the contract's ability to respond effectively to discovered vulnerabilities or emergent issues.

AiArenaHelper.sol

• Centralized control over attribute probabilities and divisors could pose systemic risks if the owner's account is compromised, leading to unfair advantages or manipulation within the ecosystem.
• Dependence on external contracts for critical functionalities introduces systemic risks associated with vulnerabilities or changes in the behavior of these contracts.

MergingPool.sol

• Centralization risks associated with owner and admin control over rewards distribution and winner selection could undermine trust and fairness within the gaming ecosystem.
• Vulnerabilities or malfunctions in external dependencies could have systemic impacts on the contract's operation and integrity.

RankedBattle.sol

• Reliance on centralized entities like the game server introduces systemic risks related to trust and resilience, as manipulation or failure of these entities could disrupt the gaming ecosystem.
• Vulnerabilities in external dependencies or centralized control over contract functionalities could have systemic consequences for contract security and fairness.

FighterFarm.sol

• Centralization risks associated with owner-controlled functions and external dependencies could undermine trust and fairness in the management of AI fighter NFTs within the gaming ecosystem.
• Vulnerabilities in signature verification or access control mechanisms could have systemic impacts on the integrity and security of the contract.

 

Time Spent

41h

Time spent:

41 hours