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Nouns DAO contest - ladboy233's results

A DAO-driven NFT project on Ethereum.

General Information

Platform: Code4rena

Start Date: 22/08/2022

Pot Size: $50,000 USDC

Total HM: 4

Participants: 160

Period: 5 days

Judge: gzeon

Total Solo HM: 2

Id: 155

League: ETH

Nouns DAO

Findings Distribution

Researcher Performance

Rank: 53/160

Findings: 2

Award: $52.13

🌟 Selected for report: 0

πŸš€ Solo Findings: 0

External Links

Code4rena Contest PageGithub Contest RepositoryGithub Findings RepositoryNouns DAO

Findings Information

🌟 Selected for report: IllIllI

Also found by: 0bi, 0x040, 0x1337, 0x1f8b, 0xDjango, 0xNazgul, 0xNineDec, 0xRajeev, 0xSky, 0xSmartContract, 0xbepresent, 0xkatana, 0xmatt, 8olidity, Aymen0909, Bjorn_bug, Bnke0x0, CertoraInc, Ch_301, Chom, CodingNameKiki, Deivitto, DevABDee, DimitarDimitrov, Dravee, ElKu, Funen, GalloDaSballo, GimelSec, Guardian, Haruxe, JC, JansenC, Jeiwan, JohnSmith, KIntern_NA, Lambda, LeoS, Noah3o6, Olivierdem, R2, RaymondFam, Respx, ReyAdmirado, Rohan16, Rolezn, Ruhum, Saintcode_, Sm4rty, SooYa, Soosh, TomJ, Tomo, Trabajo_de_mates, Waze, _Adam, __141345__, ajtra, android69, asutorufos, auditor0517, berndartmueller, bobirichman, brgltd, c3phas, cRat1st0s, carlitox477, catchup, cccz, csanuragjain, d3e4, delfin454000, dipp, djxploit, durianSausage, erictee, exd0tpy, fatherOfBlocks, gogo, hyh, ladboy233, lukris02, mics, mrpathfindr, natzuu, oyc_109, p_crypt0, pashov, pauliax, pfapostol, prasantgupta52, rajatbeladiya, rbserver, ret2basic, rfa, robee, rokinot, rvierdiiev, sach1r0, saian, seyni, shenwilly, sikorico, simon135, sryysryy, sseefried, throttle, tnevler, tonisives, wagmi, xiaoming90, yixxas, z3s, zkhorse, zzzitron

Awards

35.4484 USDC - $35.45

Labels

bug
QA (Quality Assurance)

External Links

Link to GitHub issue

Function naming: external / public function name should not start with _

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L529

  function _setVotingDelay(uint256 newVotingDelay) external {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L545

  function _setVotingPeriod(uint256 newVotingPeriod) external {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L562

   function _setProposalThresholdBPS(uint256 newProposalThresholdBPS) external {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L580

   function _setQuorumVotesBPS(uint256 newQuorumVotesBPS) external {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L597

  function _setPendingAdmin(address newPendingAdmin) external {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L615

    function _acceptAdmin() external {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L637

   function _setVetoer(address newVetoer) public {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L649

    function _burnVetoPower() public {

Unchecked external call return.

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L983

  (bool refundSent, ) = msg.sender.call{ value: refundAmount }('');
  emit RefundableVote(msg.sender, refundAmount, refundSent);

can add require(refundSent, "refund gas failed") check

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L789

    (bool sent, ) = msg.sender.call{ value: amount }('');
    emit Withdraw(amount, sent);

can add require(sent, "withdraw failed") check

Use Enum to represent type instead of handcoded integer to represent type to improve readability.

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L602

   if (support == 0) {
     proposal.againstVotes = proposal.againstVotes + votes;
   } else if (support == 1) {
     proposal.forVotes = proposal.forVotes + votes;
   } else if (support == 2) {
     proposal.abstainVotes = proposal.abstainVotes + votes;
   }

Incorrect comment

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L86

    /// @notice The upper bound of maximum quorum votes basis points
    uint256 public constant MAX_QUORUM_VOTES_BPS_UPPER_BOUND = 6_000; // 4,000 basis points or 60%

should be

   uint256 public constant MAX_QUORUM_VOTES_BPS_UPPER_BOUND = 6_000; // 6,000 basis points or 60%

Uncheck zero admin address

pendingAdmin can be zero address

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L804


   require(msg.sender == admin, 'NounsDAO::_setPendingAdmin: admin only');

   // Save current value, if any, for inclusion in log
   address oldPendingAdmin = pendingAdmin;

Findings Information

🌟 Selected for report: IllIllI

Also found by: 0x040, 0x1f8b, 0xDjango, 0xNazgul, 0xNineDec, 0xSmartContract, 0xbepresent, 0xc0ffEE, 0xkatana, 2997ms, ACai, Amithuddar, Aymen0909, Ben, BipinSah, Bjorn_bug, Bnke0x0, CertoraInc, Ch_301, Chom, CodingNameKiki, Deivitto, DevABDee, DimitarDimitrov, Diraco, Dravee, ElKu, EthLedger, Fitraldys, Funen, GalloDaSballo, GimelSec, Guardian, IgnacioB, JC, JohnSmith, Junnon, KIntern_NA, Lambda, LeoS, Noah3o6, Olivierdem, Polandia94, R2, Randyyy, RaymondFam, Respx, ReyAdmirado, Rohan16, RoiEvenHaim, Rolezn, Ruhum, SaharAP, Saintcode_, SerMyVillage, Shishigami, Sm4rty, SooYa, TomJ, Tomio, Tomo, Waze, Yiko, _Adam, __141345__, a12jmx, ajtra, ak1, bobirichman, brgltd, bulej93, c3phas, cRat1st0s, carlitox477, catchup, ch0bu, d3e4, delfin454000, djxploit, durianSausage, erictee, exolorkistis, fatherOfBlocks, francoHacker, gogo, hyh, ignacio, jag, joestakey, karanctf, ladboy233, lucacez, lukris02, m_Rassska, martin, medikko, mics, mrpathfindr, natzuu, newfork01, oyc_109, pauliax, peritoflores, pfapostol, prasantgupta52, rbserver, ret2basic, rfa, robee, rokinot, rotcivegaf, rvierdiiev, sach1r0, saian, samruna, seyni, shark, shr1ftyy, sikorico, simon135, sryysryy, tay054, tnevler, wagmi, zishansami

Awards

16.6802 USDC - $16.68

Labels

bug
G (Gas Optimization)

External Links

Link to GitHub issue

Use Memory instead of Storage keywords

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L402

      Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalId];
      return (p.targets, p.values, p.signatures, p.calldatas);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L423

      function state(uint256 proposalId) public view returns (ProposalState) {
      require(proposalCount >= proposalId, 'NounsDAO::state: invalid proposal id');
      Proposal storage proposal = proposals[proposalId];

same for NounsDaoV2.sol

USING BOOLS FOR STORAGE INCURS OVERHEAD

// Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/58f635312aa21f947cae5f8578638a85aa2519f5/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol#L23-L27 Use uint256(1) and uint256(2) for true/false to avoid a Gwarmaccess (100 gas) for the extra SLOAD, and to avoid Gsset (20000 gas)

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L462

        uint8 support,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L474

        uint8 support,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L475

        uint8 v,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L499

        uint8 support

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L500

    ) internal returns (uint96) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L508

        uint96 votes = nouns.getPriorVotes(voter, proposal.startBlock - votingDelay);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721.sol#L68

    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721.sol#L81

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721.sol#L165

    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721.sol#L175

    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721.sol#L253

    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721.sol#L264

    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721.sol#L411

     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721.sol#L418

    ) private returns (bool) {

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, ERC721) returns (bool) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L120

    event RefundableVote(address indexed voter, uint256 refundAmount, bool refundSent);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L123

    event Withdraw(uint256 amount, bool sent);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L204

        bool canceled;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L206

        bool vetoed;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L208

        bool executed;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L216

        bool hasVoted;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L304

        bool canceled;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L306

        bool vetoed;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L308

        bool executed;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L320

        bool hasVoted;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L390

        bool canceled;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L392

        bool vetoed;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L394

        bool executed;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L409

    function queuedTransactions(bytes32 hash) external view returns (bool);

USAGE OF UINTS/INTS SMALLER THAN 32 BYTES (256 BITS) INCURS OVERHEAD

When using elements that are smaller than 32 bytes, your contractοΏ½s gas usage may be higher. This is because the EVM operates on 32 bytes at a time. Therefore, if the element is smaller than that, the EVM must use more operations in order to reduce the size of the element from 32 bytes to the desired size.

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.11/internals/layout_in_storage.html Use a larger size then downcast where needed

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L41

    uint8 public constant decimals = 0;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L48

        uint32 fromBlock;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L49

        uint96 votes;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L53

    mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => Checkpoint)) public checkpoints;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L56

    mapping(address => uint32) public numCheckpoints;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L79

    function votesToDelegate(address delegator) public view returns (uint96) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L131

        uint8 v,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L152

    function getCurrentVotes(address account) external view returns (uint96) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L153

        uint32 nCheckpoints = numCheckpoints[account];

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L167

        uint32 nCheckpoints = numCheckpoints[account];

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L182

        uint32 lower = 0;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L183

        uint32 upper = nCheckpoints - 1;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L185

            uint32 center = upper - (upper - lower) / 2; // ceil, avoiding overflow

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L211

        uint96 amount = votesToDelegate(delegator);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L219

        uint96 amount

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L223

                uint32 srcRepNum = numCheckpoints[srcRep];

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L224

                uint96 srcRepOld = srcRepNum > 0 ? checkpoints[srcRep][srcRepNum - 1].votes : 0;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L225

                uint96 srcRepNew = sub96(srcRepOld, amount, 'ERC721Checkpointable::_moveDelegates: amount underflows');

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L230

                uint32 dstRepNum = numCheckpoints[dstRep];

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L231

                uint96 dstRepOld = dstRepNum > 0 ? checkpoints[dstRep][dstRepNum - 1].votes : 0;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L232

                uint96 dstRepNew = add96(dstRepOld, amount, 'ERC721Checkpointable::_moveDelegates: amount overflows');

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L240

        uint32 nCheckpoints,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L241

        uint96 oldVotes,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L242

        uint96 newVotes

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L244

        uint32 blockNumber = safe32(

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L261

        return uint32(n);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L266

        return uint96(n);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L270

        uint96 a,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L271

        uint96 b,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L273

    ) internal pure returns (uint96) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L274

        uint96 c = a + b;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L280

        uint96 a,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L281

        uint96 b,

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L283

    ) internal pure returns (uint96) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L111

    event MinQuorumVotesBPSSet(uint16 oldMinQuorumVotesBPS, uint16 newMinQuorumVotesBPS);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L114

    event MaxQuorumVotesBPSSet(uint16 oldMaxQuorumVotesBPS, uint16 newMaxQuorumVotesBPS);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L117

    event QuorumCoefficientSet(uint32 oldQuorumCoefficient, uint32 newQuorumCoefficient);

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L218

        uint8 support;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L220

        uint96 votes;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L322

        uint8 support;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L324

        uint96 votes;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L352

        uint16 minQuorumVotesBPS;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L354

        uint16 maxQuorumVotesBPS;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L357

        uint32 quorumCoefficient;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L363

        uint32 fromBlock;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOInterfaces.sol#L439

    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint96);

function can be marked as external instead of public

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L124

    function initialize(

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L184

    function propose(

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L851

    function _burnVetoPower() public {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L862

    function proposalThreshold() public view returns (uint256) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L1002

    function maxQuorumVotes() public view returns (uint256) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L113

    function initialize(

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L174

    function propose(

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L649

    function _burnVetoPower() public {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L660

    function proposalThreshold() public view returns (uint256) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L668

    function quorumVotes() public view returns (uint256) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L112

    function delegate(address delegatee) public {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L127

    function delegateBySig(

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L164

    function getPriorVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber) public view returns (uint96) {

ABI.ENCODE() IS LESS EFFICIENT THAN ABI.ENCODEPACKED()

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L302

            !timelock.queuedTransactions(keccak256(abi.encode(target, value, signature, data, eta))),

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L480

            abi.encode(DOMAIN_TYPEHASH, keccak256(bytes(name)), getChainIdInternal(), address(this))

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L482

        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(BALLOT_TYPEHASH, proposalId, support));

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L313

            !timelock.queuedTransactions(keccak256(abi.encode(target, value, signature, data, eta))),

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L572

            abi.encode(DOMAIN_TYPEHASH, keccak256(bytes(name)), getChainIdInternal(), address(this))

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L574

        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(BALLOT_TYPEHASH, proposalId, support));

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L136

            abi.encode(DOMAIN_TYPEHASH, keccak256(bytes(name())), getChainId(), address(this))

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/base/ERC721Checkpointable.sol#L138

        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(DELEGATION_TYPEHASH, delegatee, nonce, expiry));

IT COSTS MORE GAS TO INITIALIZE NON-CONSTANT/NON-IMMUTABLE VARIABLES TO ZERO THAN TO LET THE DEFAULT OF ZERO BE APPLIED

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L238

        newProposal.forVotes = 0;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L292

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L330

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L357

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L382

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L230

        newProposal.forVotes = 0;

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L281

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L319

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L346

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L371

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

++I COSTS LESS GAS THAN I++, ESPECIALLY WHEN ITοΏ½S USED IN FOR-LOOPS (--I/I-- TOO)

Saves 6 gas per loop

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L292

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L330

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L357

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L382

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L281

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L319

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L346

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L371

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

Splitting require() statements that use && saves gas

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-01-xdefi-findings/issues/128

See this issue which describes the fact that there is a larger deployment gas cost, but with enough runtime calls, the change ends up being cheaper

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L617

        require(msg.sender == pendingAdmin && msg.sender != address(0), 'NounsDAO::_acceptAdmin: pending admin only');

<ARRAY>.LENGTH SHOULD NOT BE LOOKED UP IN EVERY LOOP OF A FOR-LOOP

The overheads outlined below are PER LOOP, excluding the first loop

storage arrays incur a Gwarmaccess (100 gas) memory arrays use MLOAD (3 gas) calldata arrays use CALLDATALOAD (3 gas) Caching the length changes each of these to a DUP<N> (3 gas), and gets rid of the extra DUP<N> needed to store the stack offset

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L281

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L319

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L346

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV1.sol#L371

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L292

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L330

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L357

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {

https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-08-nounsdao/blob/45411325ec14c6d747b999a40367d3c5109b5a89/contracts/governance/NounsDAOLogicV2.sol#L382

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposal.targets.length; i++) {
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